A prime minister postponed a royal tour, another ended up in the British Parliament after losing at home, and one political spouse decided to run, too.
Published Mar 24, 2025 • Last updated 12 minutes ago • 8 minute read
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Left to right: A prime minister who served over four decades, a Conservative MP, the first Inuit cabinet minister, the House of Commons in 1918, a US president. GRAPHIC BY SOFIA MISENHEIMER / POSTMEDIA
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As Canada’s 45th federal campaign gets underway, author and historian Arthur Milnes offers up a 45-question quiz to see how well you know your election history.
The former Canadian prime minister in 2016.Photo by Michael Peake /Postmedia
This prime minister flew across the Atlantic to ask Canada’s Sovereign to delay a visit to Canada so he could call an election.
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John Napier Turner. Sworn-in as the 17th prime minister on June 30, 1984, Turner made a 24-hour whirlwind visit to England a week later to ask Her Majesty the Queen personally to delay her tour of Canada, set to begin September 20, so he could seek a mandate from Canadians.
Though he only served 17 months as prime minister, he still led his party to more than 40 by-election victories in that short period.
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Sir John Abbott. He chalked up this impressive string of victories while serving as prime minister between June of 1891 and his resignation in November of 1892.
He was the first person of First Nations’ status to be elected to the House of Commons.
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Leonard Marchand. This British Columbia Liberal, a member of the Okanagan Indian Band, was elected to the House in 1968. He also made history when he was appointed by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau to the federal cabinet. Marchand was appointed to the Senate in 1984.
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The United States president at the 1980 Democratic National Convention in Madison Square Garden in New York.Photo by Arnie Sachs/CNP/Sipa USA
This American president risked charges of interfering in a Canadian election campaign by inviting reporters into the Oval Office to witness him telephoning a Canadian prime minister then in the midst of an election campaign to thank him for helping America at a crucial moment.
Show Answer
Jimmy Carter. On January 31, 1980, Carter telephoned Prime Minister Joe Clark to thank Canada for sheltering six American diplomats and then helping spirit them to safety and out of revolutionary Iran.
This pair of prime ministers, one former and one future, faced off directly against one another in a riding in a by-election.
Show Answer
William Lyon Mackenzie King and John Diefenbaker. In 1926 they ran against each other in the Saskatchewan riding of Prince Albert, with King the eventual victor.
The former prime minister speaks at an event in 2019.Photo by Riley Smith/The Canadian Press/File
This prime minister became the first Tory since Sir John A. Macdonald to win back-to-back majority victories.
Show Answer
Brian Mulroney. His 1984 and 1988 election victories earned him this proud bragging right.
This pair of prime ministers represented Calgary ridings in the House of Commons.
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Stephen Harper and R.B. Bennett. Harper held a Calgary seat from 1993 to 1997, and then again from 2002 until his retirement from elected politics in 2016. Previously, R.B. Bennett had represented the city in the Commons from 1911 to 1917, and then again from 1925 until he retired from Canadian politics in 1939.
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The MP poses with the Canadian Race Relations Foundation (CRRF) award for lifetime achievement which was presented to him as the inaugural recipient.Postmedia
He was Canada’s first Black MP.
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Lincoln Alexander. Elected as a Tory in 1968, he made history again when he was appointed to Prime Minister Joe Clark’s cabinet in 1979, becoming the first Black cabinet minister.
This prime minister slapped the face of an opponent and attempted to grab the man’s throat during an election debate held in his riding.
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Sir John A. Macdonald. Enraged at being called a liar by his Liberal opponent in his Kingston constituency in the 1872 election, Macdonald physically attacked candidate John Carruthers. The incident became famous, and British Foreign Secretary Lord Kimberly even called the story “delicious” in a private letter to Governor General Lord Dufferin.
He became Canada’s first openly-gay MP.
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Svend Robinson. A British Columbia New Democrat, Robinson was elected to the House in 1979 and served there until 2004. He came out in 1988.
This future prime minister landed in jail after leading fellow university students protesting outside a party leader’s Toronto campaign rally.
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Paul Martin. Then a University of Toronto student, he was jailed after protesting outside a John Diefenbaker rally at Massey Hall in the midst of the 1958 election. The next day, Martin’s very angry (and embarrassed) MP father, Paul Martin Sr., bailed his son out.
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A statue of the PM near Parliament Hill.Photo by PAT MCGRATH /THE OTTAWA CITIZEN
This Liberal prime minister holds the record for the most consecutive national election victories.
Show Answer
Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Canadians elected Canada’s first French-Canadian prime minister and his Liberals in 1896, 1900, 1904, and 1908.
This prime minister refused to resign, continuing in office even though he had won fewer seats than his main opponent’s party in a general election.
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William Lyon Mackenzie King. Even though he and his party only won 101 seats to Tory Arthur Meighen’s 116 in the 1925 election, King exercised his constitutional right to meet the House. He governed with the support of the Progressive party before his government fell, precipitating the King-Byng constitutional crisis.
It was the longest election campaign in Canadian history.
Show Answer
2015. It lasted 78 days and saw Justin Trudeau earn a majority mandate from Canadians.
Several of the Fathers of Confederation at the Charlottetown Conference in Sept. 1864 where they gathered to consider the union of the British North American Colonies.Photo by THE CANADIAN PRESSE/National Archives of Canada-PA-091061
He was the only post-Confederation party leader to defeat Sir John A. Macdonald.
Show Answer
Alexander Mackenzie. He took office upon Macdonald’s resignation due to the infamous Pacific Scandal in early November of 1873 and won the 1874 election.
Sir Charles Tupper was the shortest-serving, at 69 days, prime minister in Canadian history. Who was the second shortest-serving prime minister?
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John Napier Turner. He served 79 days as prime minister in 1984.
Canada’s 7th Parliament, which lasted from 1891 to 1896, was very unique for this reason.
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It saw five different prime ministers: Sir John A. Macdonald, Sir John Abbott, Sir John Thompson, Sir Mackenzie Bowell, and Sir Charles Tupper.
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The first Indigenous woman elected to the House of Commons and a longtime advocate for Indigenous education and language preservation.Photo by Rod MacIvor /Postmedia
She became Canada’s first-ever female Indigenous MP.
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Ethel Blondin-Andrew. Northwest Territories voters elected her in the 1988 general election. She later served in the cabinets of Jean Chretien and Paul Martin.
It was the shortest election campaign in Canadian history.
Show Answer
1874. Parliament was dissolved on January 2 and the election held 20 days later, on January 22, 1874.
These prime ministers returned to power after being defeated.
Show Answer
Sir John A. Macdonald, William Lyon Mackenzie King, and Pierre Trudeau each came back from defeat.
One of the national party leaders with Mackenzie King shown linking arms.Photo by National Archives of Canada/Nelson Quarrington
This pair of national party leaders went on to serve in the British Parliament after suffering defeats on this side of the Atlantic.
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Edward Blake and R.B. Bennett. Blake, a past Liberal leader, served in the British House of Commons from 1892 to 1907. Bennett, a former prime minister, was appointed to the House of Lords in 1941.
This prime minister, widely considered one of the greatest 20th-century Canadian leaders, never earned a majority mandate from Canadians.
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Lester B. Pearson. He was a minority prime minister from 1963 to 1968.
This pair of prime ministers led Canada from the Senate.
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Sir John Abbott and Sir Mackenzie Bowell.
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The woman in question with Catherine and Joe Clark.Photo by Malak Karsh /Postmedia
This spouse of a former prime minister made history when she sought election to the House of Commons in a general election.
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Maureen McTeer. Wife of Joe Clark, she ran for office in 1988 but was defeated.
Both these prime ministers represented ridings from three different provinces during their political careers.
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Mackenzie King and John Napier Turner. King represented ridings in Ontario, Prince Edward Island, and Saskatchewan; Turner represented ridings in Quebec, Ontario, and British Columbia.
This veteran retiring MP, respected on all sides of the Commons, was made an Honorary Table Officer of the House, entitling him to watch debates from the Clerk’s table the rest of his life.
Show Answer
Stanley Knowles. He left elected politics in 1984 after serving from 1962 and was named to the honorary position by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau.
A bench with statues at the Ottawa International Airport.Postmedia
This prime minister was the first to secure voting rights for some Indigenous men, despite fierce opposition.
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Sir John A. Macdonald. His 1885 Franchise Bill extended voting rights, though later governments reversed this. Full Indigenous voting rights were secured in 1960 under John Diefenbaker.
This future MP was so confident they’d be defeated in a general election that they spent part of the campaign in Las Vegas.
Show Answer
Ruth Ellen Brosseau. She did so before her surprise election as an NDP candidate in 2011.
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Terry Fox receives the Order of Canada from the governor general in 1980.Photo by Ralph Bower /PNG
This past Governor General raised eyebrows when he ran as a New Democrat in a federal election.
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Ed Schreyer. After serving as Governor General from 1979 to 1984, he ran for a seat in the House in 2006 but was defeated.
This national party leader’s grandfather served in the Quebec cabinet of Maurice Duplessis.
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Jack Layton. His grandfather, Gilbert Layton, served in Duplessis’ cabinet. His father, Robert Layton, was a Mulroney-era cabinet minister.
The official portrait of the prime minister hangs in the foyer of the House Of Commons.Photo by Wayne Cuddington /POSTMEDIA
This prime minister served longer as an MP than any other PM.
Show Answer
Sir Wilfrid Laurier. He served 44 years, 11 months, and five days in the House of Commons.
This prime minister’s grandfather was an MP under prime ministers William Lyon Mackenzie King and Louis St.-Laurent.
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Justin Trudeau. His maternal grandfather, James Sinclair, was a Liberal MP from 1940 to 1958 and served as Minister of Fisheries.
The former minister responds during question period in the House of Commons on Parliament Hill in Ottawa 2014.Photo by Sean Kilpatrick /THE CANADIAN PRESS
She was the first Inuit cabinet minister in Canadian history.
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Leona Aglukkaq. She made history in 2008 as Minister of Health under Stephen Harper.
This Quebec riding was represented for almost 60 years by two MPs who would both serve as prime minister.
Show Answer
Quebec East. Wilfrid Laurier held the riding from 1877 to 1919; Louis St.-Laurent from 1942 to 1958.
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The former prime minister during a session of the House of Commons in 1918.Photo by Archives Canada
This prime minister convinced three sitting provincial premiers to join his first cabinet.
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Wilfrid Laurier. In 1896, Ontario’s Sir Oliver Mowat, New Brunswick’s Andrew Blair, and Nova Scotia’s William Fielding joined his cabinet.
Both these prime ministers made their first foreign trips to Japan within days of taking office.
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Joe Clark and Kim Campbell. Clark attended the Tokyo G7 Summit in June 1979; Campbell did the same in July 1993.
Russ Jackson and his wife, Lois, speak to the governor general and his wife, Norah, in 1970.Photo by UPI
This past Governor General had served as Speaker of the House of Commons before moving to Rideau Hall.
Show Answer
Roland Michener. He served as Speaker from 1957 to 1962 before becoming Governor General in 1967.
This general election was the first to feature a nationally televised leaders’ debate.
Show Answer
1968. On June 9 of that year Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, Progressive Conservative leader Robert Stanfield, NDP leader Tommy Douglas and Réal Caouette of the Ralliement créditiste all participated in this inaugural debate.
Enthusiastic supporters greet The Conservative MP at the airport as he arrived in Vancouver in 1958.Photo by Dan Scott /Postmedia
He was the first MP of Chinese heritage.
Show Answer
Douglas Jung. He represented a Vancouver riding from 1957 to 1962.
In 1921, Agnes Macphail made history when she became Canada’s first female MP. Who became the second female MP in Canadian history?
Show Answer
Martha Black. She was elected to represent Yukon in the House in 1935.
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His funeral procession in Montreal on April 13, 1868.Photo by James Inglis/Library and Archives Canada
This Father of Confederation and MP was assassinated on Ottawa’s Sparks Street.
Show Answer
Thomas D’Arcy McGee in 1868.
Which general election had the highest voter turnout?
Show Answer
1958. Voter turnout hit 79.4%. John Diefenbaker’s Tories won 208 seats. The 2021 turnout was 62.6%, and 2008 was even lower at 58.8%.
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